Principle of operation of transformers

Working Principle

Transformer is made according to the principle of electromagnetic induction and static transmission of
AC electrical energy and change the AC voltage device. If in a certain winding is applied at both ends of a power source, then an alternating current will flow in that winding an AC current will flow. Under the action of this AC current action, an alternating magnetic flux will be excited in the iron core. This alternating flux will induce an AC voltage in all the windings.
This voltage is called induced voltage. If a load is connected to both ends of another winding the closed circuit formed by the winding and the load, an alternating current will flow in the closed circuit formed by the winding and the load, an alternating current will flow. This achieves the goal of transferring AC energy from the power supply to the negative load by the power supply and change the AC voltage. Usually connected to power supply is called the primary winding, and the winding connected to the load is called the secondary winding.
This is the working principle of transformer. This is how a transformer works.

Main components

A transformer’s main components consist of three parts. Firstly, the magnetic circuit, which is the iron core section of the transformer. Secondly, the electrical circuit, which comprises the winding section commonly referred to as coils. Thirdly, the cooling system, which, for dry transformers, includes fans, and for oil-immersed transformers, encompasses transformer oil, cooling fins, cooling water, and fans used for transformer cooling. Additionally, accessories are included, with dry-type transformers featuring items like temperature control and display systems, insulators, and busbar clamps, while oil-immersed transformers include components such as tap changers, high and low-pressure bushings, moisture absorbers, and gas relays.