Oil-Immersed Distribution Transformers: Working Principle and Maintenance
The Working Principle of Oil-Immersed Distribution Transformers
Oil-immersed distribution transformers consist of the following main components:
Core: The core is made up of stacked silicon steel sheets, forming a magnetic circuit.
Windings: Windings are made of copper wire and are wound around the core. The high-voltage winding is on the outer side, while the low-voltage winding is on the inner side.
Oil Tank: The oil tank surrounds the windings and core, providing cooling and insulation.
The working principle of oil-immersed distribution transformers is as follows:
High-voltage current flows through the high-voltage winding, creating a magnetic field in the core.
The magnetic field passes through the low-voltage winding, inducing current in the low-voltage winding.
Low-voltage current is then supplied from the low-voltage winding.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Oil-Immersed Distribution Transformers
Oil-immersed distribution transformers have the following advantages:
High Efficiency: Oil-immersed distribution transformers typically operate at an efficiency of 90% or higher.
Long Service Life: These transformers generally have a service life of 20 years or more.
Reliable Operation: Oil-immersed distribution transformers exhibit good resistance to interference and can operate in various environmental conditions.
However, they also come with certain disadvantages:
Large Size: These transformers are usually quite bulky in terms of size.
Heavy Weight: Oil-immersed distribution transformers tend to be heavy due to their construction.
High Maintenance Costs: Regular maintenance is required for these transformers to ensure their proper functioning.
How to Choose an Oil-Immersed Distribution Transformer
When selecting an oil-immersed distribution transformer, several factors need to be considered:
Capacity: The transformer’s capacity should meet the load requirements.
Voltage Rating: The voltage rating of the transformer should match the voltage level of the electrical grid.
Installation Method: The installation method of the transformer should be compatible with the site conditions.
Maintenance of Oil-Immersed Distribution Transformers
Regular maintenance is essential for oil-immersed distribution transformers to ensure their longevity and reliable performance. Maintenance tasks include:
Oil Level Check: The oil level should be maintained within the designated range on the oil tank.
Oil Quality Check: The oil should be clear and free from impurities.
Insulation Testing: Insulation testing should meet relevant standards and requirements.
In summary, oil-immersed distribution transformers are vital components of electrical distribution systems, and their proper selection and maintenance are critical for ensuring a reliable and efficient power supply.